Emergent behavior is a phenomenon in which complex patterns and behaviors arise from interactions among individual components in a system, without being explicitly programmed or controlled. It is typically observed in systems composed of multiple agents, such as swarms of animals, groups of robots, or networks of interconnected elements. Emergent behaviors can be unpredictable, dynamic, and self-organizing, and often lead to the emergence of novel properties or functionalities that are not present in the individual components. This area of research is interdisciplinary, drawing from fields such as biology, physics, computer science, and social sciences, and has applications in various fields including artificial intelligence, robotics, economics, and ecology.